[ Cartwright / Coast of Labrador ]


Cartwright (1739 - 1818) was an English army officer who, after leaving the military, became very active as a trader and explorer in Labrador and Newfoundland.

The full title of this work is Journal of Transactions and Events, During a Residence of Nearly Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador; Containing Many Interesting Particulars, Both of the Country and its Inhabitants, Not Hitherto Known. It was first published, in three volumes, in 1798 by Allin and Ridge (Newark, England). The excerpts from Volume III are taken from this edition; all other excerpts are from the edition of the Journal edited by Charles Wendell Townsend and published in 1911 (Boston: Dana Estes).


Although this work mentions Newfoundland dogs a number of times, it is silent on their appearance and character.

"Monday, 28 January, 1771. — In the evening Guy arrived here, and informed me that on Friday last he-should have accompanied Mr. Jones from Chateau to Seal Island, in his way to this place (in order to render that assistance to my maid servant Nanny, which she will soon stand in need of); but, as it was not convenient to him, Mr. Jones came off by himself: he added, that he had crossed the track of a man yesterday upon Niger Sound, who had gone down towards the sea. On hearing this I was much alarmed; for as Mr. Jones had not arrived at the island, I concluded that he must have lost his way, or some other misfortune befallen him.

"Tuesday, 29. — At daybreak this morning, I sent off two men across the country to Chateau, to enquire if Mr. Jones had returned back again ; I also sent another man with Guy to Niger Sound, to follow the track which he had observed there. In the evening, two of the Sealers arrived with a letter from Guy, informing me, that on Punt Pond he had met with the footsteps of a man (crossing into the track made by me and one of Guy's men, on Friday last) who had followed us to the end of the pond, and there broken a few boughs, upon which he supposed he had lain during the night, and gone forward again on Saturday morning. He pursued the track to the mouth of Niger Sound, and upon the north end of Round Island he found the unfortunate Mr. Jones frozen to death, with his faithful Newfoundland bitch by his side! He gave the poor creature what bread he had about him, but could not prevail on her to leave her master. He had been so imprudent as to leave Chateau, not only by himself, but also, without either a hatchet, provisions, tinder, or matches.

"It was evening, I suppose, when he met with my track, and he certainly did not know where he was; for had he taken it the other way, he might have reached my house in about an hour's good walking. The loss of this young man is the more to be regretted, as he was of a very amiable disposition, and likely to prove an ornament to his profession.

"Wednesday, 30. — At night three men arrived from Chateau in quest of Mr. Jones; they informed me, that two other parties also were out on the same business.

"Thursday, 31. — The Chateau men went off for Seal Island early this morning; from which place my man returned to day, accompanied by those whom I sent from Chateau; also another party from the same place, joined them upon the road. These people brought me what things they found in Mr. Jones's pockets, and informed me that they had covered I the corps with snow and boughs of trees; but could not prevail on the bitch to leave her deceased master." (63 - 65)

Monday, April 8, 1771. — At ten o'clock Milmouth came from the Lodge to remain with me. Soon afterwards two of the sealers called to inform me that they had killed a wolf at the East end of this island, which had got into one of their traps upon White-Fox Island this morning. He travelled at such a rate with the trap upon one of his fore feet, that they had much difficulty to overtake him, though assisted by a couple of stout Newfoundland dogs; for the wolf so intimidated the dogs, by frequently snapping at them as he ran, that they were afraid to attack him. (74)

Sunday, November 10, 1771. — In the night, my Newfoundland dog, not having been put in the kennel, visited some of the traps, and brought one of them home on his foot. (95)

Sunday, April 2,1775. — At six o'clock this morning, I set off for Port Marnham on a deer-shooting party, taking Indian Jack, with our provisions and necessaries, upon my Esquimau sled, drawn by a couple of blood-hounds and a Newfoundland dog. (155)

Thursday, August 17, 1775. — In the forenoon I went up the river in my kyack, and took two men, the greyhound and a Newfoundland dog in the punt, to hunt for the bear. We got the punt in to the lake without much difficulty, and found a yearling dog-bear fast by both hind legs, in that trap which captain Dykes saw last night; the other was not moved, but Dykes was near being caught in it himself. After baiting the bear for some time, to enter the dogs, I shot it through the head and brought it, and both the traps down with us. On our return we skinned the bear, which proved in good condition for this time of the year. (177 - 78)

Monday, January 22, 1776. — At half past seven this morning, taking four men with me, and our provisions on two Nescaupick sleds, one drawn by two Newfoundland dogs, the other by two of the men by turns, I set off for Isthmus Bay, and arrived there at half past three o'clock. We went to the best inn in the place, which was a spot of strong wood, under a hill on the west side, and there made a good fire, by which we lay. By the way, we met with two cross-foxes in a couple of my traps, and saw a silver-fox by the South Hare Island, and also some old tracks of wolves. (187)

Wednes., May 8, 1776. — At three o'clock this morning I took John Hayes, his crew, Jack, the greyhound, and two Newfoundland dogs with me, intending to launch the skiff into the water, and go a duck shooting. As they were hauling her along, I went forward to Pumbly Point, from whence I discovered a white-bear lying on the ice near Huntingdon Island; we left the skiff, and all hands went towards him, but finding the ice extremely weak in the middle of the channel we stopped. I then sent one man round to drive him towards us: in the mean time the bear went into a pool of water which was open near the island, and the man got on the other side and fired at him; but as he did not come out so soon as I expected, I sent the rest of the people back for the skiff, intending to launch it into the water to him. He soon after got upon the ice, and came close up to me. I could have sent a ball through him; but as I wished to have some sport first, I slipped the greyhound at him, but he would not close with him till the Newfoundland dogs came up; we then had a fine battle, and they stopped him until I got close up. As I was laying down one gun, that I might fire at him with the other, I observed the ice which I was upon, to be so very weak that it bent under me; and I was at the same time surrounded with small holes, through which the water boiled up, by the motion of the ice, caused by my weight. As I knew the water there was tweuty-five fathoms deep, with a strong tide, my attention was diverted, from attempting to take away the life of a bear, to the safety of my own; and while I was extricating myself from the danger which threatened me, the bear bit all the dogs most severely, and made good his retreat into the open water, which was at some distance lower down. (199 - 200)

Friday, April 9,1779. — At six o'clock this afternoon Mr. Collingham returned: he got to Tero's house on Wednesday evening, and found him and his companion, (my Newfoundland dog) both well. He went with Tero round his traps yesterday, and left him this morning at four o'clock; the distance is thirty-five miles. He informed me that Tero had killed twenty-two martens, eleven foxes, eight wolves, four beavers and three wolverings. One of the wolves had gone off with a trap, and he accidentally met with him ten days after; he was alive, but so far from his house, that he left him. (261 - 62)

Wednes., September 8, 1779. — At noon I discovered a black-bear feeding on Venison Head; taking Mr. Collingham, Martin, and four dogs with me, we landed under Berry Hill, and shot him through. I then laid the dogs on and baited him for some time; they all behaved very well, particularly the greyhound, which always kept behind: but the three Newfoundland dogs seizing forward, he lamed them all, and one of them so desperately, that I am afraid he will scarcely ever be good for any thing again. Observing that the other two were in great danger also, I seized the bear by the back of the neck, introduced my knife behind his shoulder to his heart, and killed him.(282)

At day-light this morning the captain and his people went on shore, and brought off a large grindstone, which had been left here ever fince I lived at this place. We then sailed for Paradise, where we arrived at noon; but found no living creature there, except a Newfoundland bitch. The doors were all locked up, nor could we discover, where the people were gone. (III:8)

At ten this morning, Mr. Collingham went over to the Capeland, and took Tilscd, Crane, William, Alexander and Tom with him; also, two Newfoundland dogs and the greyhound. He met with some deer in the vale beyond Burnt Knap, and surrounded them; but they escaped without any body getting a shot at them. The weather then proving bad, he called the people away, joined Tilsed, and came home: the others followed, and were not sar behind when he saw them last. These two returned at four o'clock; but as none of the other four, nor the dogs are arrived, I am greatly alarmed for their safety, as they must have lost themselves, and there is no shelter on all that ground. (III: 124)





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