UNTIL the St. Bernard became popular in this country the black and white Newfoundland dog appeared to hold the admiration of the public. He had been a hero in his own line, and "the travellers' tales" had informed us that this large dog occupied itself in its native country in saving the lives of drowning sailors and swimming with a rope in its mouth to some stranded vessel, and thereby enabling the shipwrecked mariners to obtain communication with the mainland and so escape a watery grave. Then, when brought here, the Newfoundland dog still maintained its liking for the water. On more than one occasion it had been known to save a drowning child, and Landseer further immortalized it by painting his great work "A Distinguished Member of the Royal Humane Society," a black and white Newfoundland dog, abounding in dignity and repose, which perhaps has been engraved and republished oftener than any other work of the great animal painter. Fifty years ago a large proportion of the anecdotes of dogs related to the sagacity of the Newfoundland. Whether he really deserved all the good things that were said of him is a matter of opinion, or perhaps he has degenerated in intelligence during the past half century, for he is now only as other dogs and no more.
How he came to be so intimately connected with the island in North America from which he takes his name is not quite easy to make out. Possibly he might have been introduced to that country from England, still the dog common to the island a couple of generations ago was very far removed from the handsome creature we see gracing our show benches at the present time.
One would not be surprised to find the St. Bernard and the Newfoundland did originally spring pretty much from a similar cross. Occasionally we still see one of the former variety by his colour and general appearance nearly approaching the latter in appearance, and vice versâ, especially when, as sometimes happens, the Newfoundland has brindled marks about his head. We are told that an actual use for this variety of dog was found by the poorer inhabitants of Newfoundland, who in lieu of horses harnessed him to their carts and in other ways made him a beast of burden, when they were not engaged in fishing operations. Moreover, these poor dogs were badly treated, fed on the offal of the cod fish when it was procurable, and when such was not to be had the poor canine had to make shift for himself, and either starve or take toll from the flocks of the wealthier inhabitants.
Notwithstanding such ill-treatment, the dog remained faithful and constant to his owner, and bore the reputation as a protector of property not to be excelled. For these excellences then, and not for his actual beauty, was he originally produced, and no doubt when some seafaring man noticed one of these animals less gaunt and better furnished than usual, he for a few shillings would become its possessor, and bring the "foreign" dog home as a present from America to his friends. When properly cared for and attended to he would no doubt improve in appearance, was a favourite with his owners, and became as it were re-acclimatised in that country from which I do not doubt his original parents came. The Newfoundland is so unlike any of the native bred canidæ of the northern territories of America in every respect, not excepting in disposition, that there can be little doubt he was in the first instance produced by cross-breeding with European dogs, and most probably with those from Great Britain, whose shipping connection with Newfoundland has always been greater than that of any other country.
Little was heard about the Newfoundland dog until towards the beginning of the present century. Bingley, in his "Natural History," date 1809, does not allude to him, but a little earlier the "Sportsman's Cabinet" mentions him as being "universally known in every part of the kingdom." Reinagle gives an illustration of the dog, a black and white, very much of the same type as we have now, and the writer of the article in the work named eulogising him in grandiloquent terms, makes him indeed a canine prodigy. But, as we have said, our modern dog and that originally brought from the island are totally distinct, and even so far back as when Richardson wrote, about 1845, the difference was acknowledged, and the strain known in this country was said to be "less sagacious, less active, and more apt to display irregularity of temper than the original breed," which was much the smaller animal of the two.
Here we have more to do with the Newfoundland in 1893 than with what he was said to be very much earlier in the present century. Now we have two distinct Newfoundlands: the one quite black, where even a white chest and white toes are supposed to be a disfigurement to a certain extent; the other black and white, called "Landseers," after the artist, whose famous picture has already been alluded to. The so-called St. John's, or lesser Newfoundland, of which much has been written, appears to have died out altogether. No one breeds him now, and if he survives at all it is in the smooth or wavy-coated retrievers that have made such progression of late.
The author of "Dogs of the British Isles" had a typical specimen of the Newfoundland — given him on the death of the "Old Bushman" (whose works on travel and sport are most interesting) — a dog the latter had imported as the best of the race he could find; handsome, but not quite so big as many of the English specimens, he standing 28in. high at the shoulders. His colour was a rusty black, which is seldom seen now, but no doubt quite correct, and he had double dew claws. My old and esteemed friend, the late Mr. William Lort, always impressed upon me that this "rustiness" in the colour was correct, and further remarked that all the best dogs he ever saw abroad possessed it to a larger or smaller extent.
A contributor, writing to the Field in 1869, and he wrote with authority, said with regard to this tinge: "The black dogs, especially when young, often appear to have a brown tinge in their coats. It is to be seen more or less in most dogs. Combing will often remove it if the dog has not been well kept, but I do not think much combing is advisable. Nor is the slight brown tinge (not visible in all lights) ugly, nor inconsistent with the purity of breed, though it would be better absent." A writer much earlier than this, namely, in 1819, says that twenty or thirty years ago the Newfoundlands were "large, rough-coated, curly-haired, liver and white dogs." Occasionally we now see a Newfoundland dog entirely liver or brown in colour, and doubtless this hue is inherited much in the same way as the brown tinge, and therefore I quite agree with the description of the specialist club, which does not penalise that tint. The brown or brown and white dogs it does not acknowledge, and naturally gives preference to those specimens entirely black.
In the early days of the canine exhibitions, prizes were often given to black and white dogs when shown in the same division as the blacks, but the latter, when equal in excellence to their more variegated cousins, in nine cases out of ten beat them, so breeders gave their attention mostly to the whole-coloured variety, which causes it to be the popular one of the present day. The first dog show held at Birmingham, in 1859, was entirely confined to sporting dogs, but the succeeding one in 1860 included a class for Newfoundlands, and this induced an entry of only half a dozen, a bitch of Lieut-Colonel Inge's winning the first prize. Of this bitch it was said at the time that "she was one of the handsomest ever seen, and had been bred at St. John's, from the best stock in the colony." At the Agricultural Hall, in 1862, classes for both dogs and bitches were provided. There was a capital entry of forty-one, and Mr. A. Minton's Nigger won in dogs, and a Mr. Davies both prizes in bitches. Birmingham had seventeen entries in the same year, and at a large exhibition, also in 1862, which took place in Holborn, nineteen entries were obtained, a dog named Azoff first. Two years later, H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, at the London show, won first prize with a fine dog called Cabot, and most of these early winners were either black or with a little white on their chests, or on one or more of their feet. H.R.H.'s Cabot must not be confounded with Mr. T. Burgess' dog of the same name, which did a considerable amount of winning a few years later. However, few of the above were of any particular excellence; but in 1867, at Curzon Hall, we were introduced to the Rev. S. Atkinson's Cato, who was by Heenan I. out of Nellie. Both the sire and dam of Cato were said to be descended from imported parents.

Cato was an exceptionally fine black dog, and for a series of years remained the monarch of the benches. In 1869 he won in a class of sixteen dogs at the show held in Laycock's Dairy Yard, where Mr. E. Nichols was an exhibitor, and old show-goers will recollect that the cover of the catalogue issued on this occasion was adorned with an engraving of Landseer's "Distinguished Member."
Then in 1870 Cato gained additional notoriety. It was in that year his owner was staying at the charming little watering place, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, on the Yorkshire coast. Cato was there, too, to blow the dust of town from him, for just before he had been in London, and as usual, winning the chief prize at the dog show there. As Mrs. Atkinson was throwing her husband's walking-stick into the water for her dog to retrieve, two ladies bathing in the sea appeared in danger of drowning, and cried loudly for help. Though Mr. Atkinson could not swim, he made his way to the ladies, who, now and then washed off their feet by the heavy surge, had lost their presence of mind. One lady was safely got into a boat that had been brought to the rescue; the other, with Mr. Atkinson, was in danger of being drowned. Then Cato came to the rescue, and, swimming to his owner, allowed him to put his arm over his shoulder, and so took his exhausted master and his fair charge to the shore, where the dog received the plaudits of the terrified spectators.
No doubt, taking one exhibition with another, the classes provided for Newfoundlands were almost as well filled about twenty years ago as they have been later. For instance, there were in the dog class but nine entries at Curzon Hall in 1891, five in bitches, and nine in a division for novices; whilst five of the latter were competing earlier on, thus there were but eighteen dogs benched at this great show in three classes. This can hardly be taken as a fair average, for most modern shows would provide additional classes for the black and white variety, and the Kennel Club Shows usually have from twenty to thirty competitors. At Preston (Lancashire) Show, which took place in the spring of 1892, special arrangements had been made to make Newfoundlands one of the features in the Hall. Here the judge, Mr. Mansfield, an ardent admirer of the breed, and one of the promoters of the gathering, by his endeavours got together by far the best collection of Newfoundlands that had been seen at any show for years. Altogether 128 dogs and bitches competed, they being divided into ten classes. No doubt this will remain a record for some time to come.
However, before entering more fully into the Newfoundland in 1893, mention must be made of one or two giants of the race that won most of the prizes say a dozen years or more ago. Winning about 1880 and later was Mr. Howard Mapplebeck's Leo, an uncommonly fine dog, and, like most others, said to be descended from imported parents on both sides. He was black in colour, and at times showed a little of the rusty tinge. He stood about 30 inches in height at the shoulders, and weighed 136lb. He was a very big dog.

Mr. T. W. Wildman, of Bingley, about this period gave considerable attention to the exhibition of Newfoundlands, and possessed admirable specimens in such animals as Lion, Mayor of Bingley, and Black Prince, which were, however, rather smaller dogs than either Cato or Leo alluded to earlier on. Mr. R. W. Moll was exhibiting some excellent dogs at this time, and so were Mr. W. Coates, Mr. H. R. Farquharson, and Mr. E. Nichols.
The Newfoundland has never taken particularly high rank as a show dog, nor does the establishment of a club to look after his welfare appear to have very much increased his popularity, though at the present time there are more good Newfoundlands both black and other than black in the country than has been the case previously. But sometimes he is judged in a rather in and out fashion, and on more than one occasion recently have I seen a second rate dog placed over one that could in every way be deemed in the first rank, and for no other reason than the mere caprice or whim of the judge.
A few years ago there was considerable agitation as to the swimming powers of Newfoundlands, and on two or three occasions water competitions were arranged in connection with dog shows. Such, however, proved neither popular nor interesting, and in one noteworthy case a very much-lauded dog refused to enter the water at all. The last competition of the kind was at Aston, near Birmingham, in 1882, where the best water dog was undoubtedly the late Mr. Bagnall's Landseer, Prince Charlie, which won a first prize, a Bedlington terrier being his most formidable opponent.
It may be worth mentioning that the Newfoundland dog as he is now found in the island which gave him his name, is a sad mongrel creature, if he exists at all in any amount of purity. It is likewise noteworthy that in the United States of America no Newfoundlands are kept anything at all equal to the best specimens of the variety as we have produced them in the British Isles.
Although I have owned a Newfoundland or two, I never had one sufficiently long or made his acquaintance to such an extent as to be able to speak with great authority on the nature and disposition of the animal. My lack of opportunity in this respect can, however, be easily remedied, and Mr. T. E. Mansfield, a gentleman whose favourite the Newfoundland has been for many years, kindly contributes the following practical, and therefore valuable, notes. He says:
"The Newfoundland is essentially a companionable dog, his whole nature is wrapped up in human beings, anxious to serve them at every turn; his disposition is kindness in itself, and he adapts himself to every emergency, and can be taught almost anything, even to make as good a rat catcher as a terrier. Some Newfoundlands are slow to make friends, but when once that relationship is established they never forget you, and are steadfast companions through life, and to their owner what the poor man's mongrel dog was to him,

Made him more content with fate.

"Of course there are, as in all things, exceptions but taking him as a whole no more suitable dog as a companion can be found than a good Newfoundland.
"During the last ten years the Newfoundland has grown in popularity by leaps and bounds. I find at the Kennel Club Show in July, 1885, there were eight classes with thirty-seven entries. Seven months later, at the same club show, there were again eight classes with seventy-one entries. At the Jubilee Show in June, 1887, there were nine classes with sixty-five entries to be found. It is not only at the Kennel Club Shows that the entries have so largely increased, but at all the provincial shows. Prior to and some little time after the year 1884, it was rarely we saw more than one class for Newfoundlands, with from three to half a dozen entries. Then Liverpool came off with sixty-five entries, and so they go on increasing until Preston Show of 1892 reached the enormous entry of 128.
"Not only in numbers, but in the type and quality of the dogs has this improvement gone on, until there is at the present day — in the blacks at all events — an entire absence of that large coarse — with rough soft coat, big ears, long face, flat bowed legs without muscle, and with no general appearance to recommend him — type of dog, so frequently seen years ago. It is to be hoped breeders of Newfoundlands will not be led away with the idea prevailing in some quarters that size is the principal thing at which to aim. Herein lies a very great danger. Whilst, however, admitting that size is very desirable, it must not be gained at the expense of type and general appearance, for a Newfoundlander must not be an awkward, slouching animal, but smart, active, and full of life and go — looking at all times ready to perform his duty — to enter a rough sea.
"To give an accurate description of a black Newfoundland is an extremely difficult task, for the simple reason that a really typical dog is in appearance almost indescribable; he must be seen to be appreciated. I will, however, attempt what I consider a fairly intelligible one. To begin with, he must have a good general appearance — symmetrical throughout — head should be well developed, with a clean-cut muzzle, not too long, large skull, with small, leaf-like ears set well back from the eye low down on the skull, and fall close to the head, so that when you look him in the face they are scarcely perceptible, being hidden at the back of the jawbone; the eyes should be dark — not black — and fairly wide apart. Much difficulty is being experienced in getting the dark eye, which adds so much to the appearance of the head, many of the best dogs having light eyes, and the question is, where does this defect come from? You may mate a dark- eyed dog and bitch, still light eyes will be found in their progeny. It has occurred to me that the light eye must to some extent be natural to a black animal, for a black cat has always a light eye, and a black horse has generally a light blue one, and so I might go on down to pigeons. I must admit I would much rather see a kind light eye than a black sour one, which always appears most treacherous.
"The fore legs should be straight, well lined with muscle, to give them a round, powerful appearance, ending with good, large, well closed feet, standing on them like a terrier. The chest above must be wide, and come well down, giving the dog a bold, broad front; the body should sway well between the fore and hindquarters, and not tucked up at the loins; powerful hindquarters, with no horrible cow-hocks, and ending with a tail the length of which should not reach below the hocks, be without a kink, curl, or curve, and carried low down. There is nothing to my mind more unsightly in a Newfoundland than a tail curled on the back or with a kink in it; personally I like to see the tail carried more after the style of a setter, and do not quite agree with the Club's authorised carriage of tail. Now as to coat. To obtain a correct coat is another difficulty, and to describe a proper one is about as difficult; the purpose for which it is required makes it so. It must, however, be straight, without wave or curl, long coarse hair, not wool, with a good warm under coat, which water will not penetrate; the arrangement being, that, when the dog comes out of water and shakes himself, which he invariably does, the water is thrown off, and he is dry in a very short time.
"Looking at a good, well-built dog should be like looking broadside on at a first-class cob; he must be built on similar lines. The average height of a dog is 28in., and bitches 25in. to 27in., at the shoulder. For a more detailed description of the points of a Newfoundland I must refer readers of these notes to the Newfoundland Club's description, which is printed below.
"It may not be out of place here to give a short description of some of the best Newfoundlands' kennels of the present day, but I cannot in justice do so without first travelling back a few years to bring in poor old Champion Nelson I., a dog that may well be said to have been the father of New foundlands in this country. In doing so I must not forget his breeder, Mrs. Cunliffe Lee, a lady who has probably had little credit given her for the part she has played in producing several really first-class dogs. Nelson I. was not large in size, but quite large enough, and answered well the above description of a Newfoundland. From this grand old dog we may trace the present race of high-class Newfoundlands, many of which I shall hereafter mention. From Mrs. Lee he went to the kennels of Mr. E. Nichols, and there he was mated with a bitch with pedigree unknown, named Jennie. From this alliance was produced, in the year 1881, a litter of six, all of which have left triumphant records in the exhibition world and Stud Book, their respective names being Courtier, Bruce II., Lady Mayoress, Lady-in-Waiting, Sybil, and Mistress of the Robes.
"From them may be traced the foundations of half a dozen kennels, which I will shortly describe, and commence with that of Mr. E. Nichols, of St. Mary Abbott's Terrace, Kensington, who for years, it may be said, quite took the lead as a breeder of Newfoundlands. Nelson I. and Lady Mayoress were almost invincible in the show ring; indeed, Lady Mayoress in her time beat every dog and bitch living except her sire, Sybil also doing excellent service. After breeding numberless high-class good dogs, Mr. Nichols secured Lord Nelson, a son of Nelson I., from Mrs. Lee, his breeder, and this young dog, at eighteen months old, astonished the Newfoundland world, as he combined great size with all the points of a good dog. Brought out at the Crystal Palace, he "cleared the board," won great honours for several years, but eventually he grew rather coarse, and had to make way for others.
"Following Mr. Nichols' comes the kennel of Mr. H. R. Farquharson, M.P., of Eastbury Park, Blandford, and president of the Newfoundland Club since its establishment in 1886. In their infancy Mr. Farquharson purchased, from Mr. Nichols, Courtier, Lady-in-Waiting, and Mistress of the Robes, all of which did credit to this well-known kennel, for, besides winning prizes, Lady-in-Waiting produced such dogs as Hanlon, Alderman, and Bismarck. Hanlon, who secured his championship by successive wins at Kennel Club Shows, is a regular Newfoundlander, his ears are slightly too large, and that is all the fault that can be found with him. This kennel also contained the well-known dogs Joe Sadler (the sire of Hanlon) and Gunville.
"Mr. C. W. Cunningham, of Marloes-road, W., the secretary of the Newfoundland Club, has been mixed up with Newfoundlands all his life. He owns Black Prince II. and some very good bitches, and is one of the most earnest members of his club in looking after the interests of his favourite dog. Another modern enthusiast is Mr. C. C. Ralli, of Brunswick Buildings, Liverpool. Mrs. Matthews, Barrow-in-Furness; Mr. Crossfield, Captain Jolly, Mr. James Green, Mr. W. C. King, Dr. Jackson, Mr. J. Caroline, Mr. W. Paterson, Glasgow; Mr. H. Champness, Westminster; and Mr. J. W. Bennett, own good specimens at the present time, and in Master Jumbo Mr. C. Haldenby, of Hull, shows one of the most typical black Newfoundlands of the day, though he does carry his tail badly at times. Miss Rich's Black Guard II., who won the championship at the last Kennel Club Show, is also a particularly fine specimen of the breed.
"I must say something of my own kennels, in which we have had between thirty and forty Newfoundlands at one time. After purchasing Leo V. and Champion Zoe, we found we were on the wrong road, but we had, under the guidance of Mr. Nichols and Mr. Farquharson, obtained Courtier, Lady Mayoress, and Gunville, also The Black Prince, Sybil, and Mistress of the Robes, with which we were very successful as exhibitors. Later we bred such notable dogs as Alliance, Coastguard, Jack Tar (now the property of Mr. S. Cameron, of Melbourne), Armada, Sea Nymph, and many others. We also brought out a young dog, Pirate King (bred by Mrs. Lee, and a son of Courtier), which soon became a champion, and passed into the hands of Mr. W. Paterson, of Glasgow. So recently as the autumn of 1893 Mrs. Mansfield showed an excellent young dog at the Kennel Club Show called Piermaster, by Hematite from Lady Mayoress II."
Perhaps the variety of Newfoundland dog best known to the general public is that black and white in colour, once distinguished as the Landseer Newfoundland, out of honour to the great animal painter of that name, one of whose happiest works was a representative black and white dog, "A Distinguished Member of the Royal Humane Society." However, the Newfoundland Club, which, I suppose, has the management of such things, in order that good specimens that may be brown in colour or black with a little white on their chests or feet are not debarred from competition, classify the "Landseers" under the heading of "any other than black." The "Landseer" proper would be, when properly marked, a black headed dog with a broad strip of white down the face, some white on the cheeks, and a body more or less patched with black. Such are hand- some dogs, and a few years ago, before shows were so firmly established as they are now, the black and white Newfoundlands were more commonly seen than the ordinary black variety. Mr. Mansfield writes of them as follows:
"They have not made such progress as the blacks for the simple reason that breeders of this variety will not go to the black dogs to improve the coat and type of their black and whites. They appear to completely ignore the fact that the qualification is not simply a black and white dog with handsome white markings. The marking is a very tenth rate consideration. First and foremost it is necessary in the class for 'other than black Newfoundlands' that to be successful the competitor should be, though black and white, exactly of the shape, make, and character of a good black specimen. Then and then only must come the question of colour and markings. Of course, other things being equal, a well marked dog should have the preference. The majority of the dogs in this division are bad in coat, which often resembles the wool on the back of a Shropshire sheep; they generally fall off in their hindquarters, being tucked up in the loin and leggy, and lack quality and type. By perseverance these failings could be remedied by judiciously crossing with black dogs of the right type. Mr. Farquharson's Rosebud was a beautiful specimen of a white and black Newfoundland; in fact, on her first appearance she beat all the black bitches at a Kennel Club Show. She was almost white, and was by Trojan, a black dog with white chest and feet, out of Leda, a bitch similarly marked. So much for the other than black variety." Mr. Mansfield proceeds:
"Returning to the Newfoundland generally, sometimes a brown or bronze pup will be produced, but this is of rare occurrence. I have never had one from a pure Nelson I. and Courtier strain, but have on several occasions had such from the Leo blood.
"With regard to rearing puppies, the most ticklish time for them is during whelping, and up to ten days old. A practice I adopt is to have a hamper ready, with clean, soft straw in the bottom, and as each puppy is whelped it is placed in this hamper in front of a fire, always leaving one with the bitch, but before removing into the hamper it is always put to suck. By this means the whole lot are kept dry and warm, and the bitch is not hampered with a heap of whining puppies round her. For seven to ten days they are thus kept in hampers, being put to the bitch every hour, night and day. It is rarely by doing this (which of course means trouble) that a puppy is lost, and they thrive well. If left to take their chance some die from cold, others are laid on and killed. For many years I have carried out the above plan with great success. At the end of a month they should be fed with milk, with sugar and water added. At six weeks I feed them on raw paunches cut up small, and they rarely get anything else for the remainder of their existence in my kennels. I believe in raw meat for dogs, it is their natural food, and it will never harm them or make them savage."
The Newfoundland Club, established in 1886, is a representative body, of which Mr. H. R. Farquharson, M.P., is president, and Mr. E. Nichols vice-president. The following is the description this club has issued of the Newfoundland dog:

Symmetry and General Appearance. – The dog should impress the eye with strength and great activity. He should move freely on his legs, with the body swung loosely between them, so that a slight roll in gait should not be objectionable; but at the same time a weak or hollow back, slackness of the loins, or cowhocks should be a decided fault.
Head, – Should be broad and massive, flat on the skull, the occipital bone well developed; there should be no decided stop, and the muzzle should be short, clean cut, rather square in shape, and covered with short fine hair.
Coat. — Should be flat and dense, of a coarsish texture and oily nature, and capable of resisting the water. If brushed the wrong way, it should fall back into its place naturally.
Body. — Should be well ribbed up, with a broad back. A neck strong, well set on to the shoulders and back, and strong muscular loins.
Fore Legs. — Should be perfectly straight, well covered with muscle, elbows in but well let down, and feathered all down.
Hindquarters and Legs. — Should be very strong; the legs should have great freedom of action, and a little feather. Slackness of loins and cowhock are a great defect; dew-claws are objectionable, and should be removed.
Chest. — Should be deep and fairly broad and well covered with hair, but not to such an extent as to form a frill.
Bone. - Massive throughout, but not to give a heavy, inactive appearance.
Feet. — Should be large and well shaped. Splayed or turned-out feet are objectionable.
Tail. — Should be of moderate length, reaching down a little below the hocks; it should be of fair thickness and well covered with long hair, but not to form a flag. When the dog is standing still and not excited, it should hang downwards, with a slight curve at the end ; but when the dog is in motion, it should be carried a trifle up, and when he is excited, straight out, with a slight curve at the end. Tails with a kink in them, or curled over the back, are very objectionable.
Ears. — Should be small, set well back, square with the skull, lie close to the head, and covered with short hair, and no fringe.
Eyes. — Should be small, of a dark brown colour, rather deeply set, but not showing any haw, and they should be rather widely apart.
Colour. — Jet black. A slight tinge of bronze, or a splash of white on chest and toes is not objectionable.
Height and Weight. — Size and weight are very desirable so long as symmetry is maintained. A fair average height at the shoulders is 27in. for a dog and 25in. for a bitch, and a fair average weight is 100lb. and 85lb. respectively.

Other than Black

.
Should in all respects follow the black except in colour, which may be almost any so long as it disqualifies for the black class, but the colours most to be encouraged are bronze, and black-and-white, beauty in markings to be taken greatly into consideration.

Addenda to Other than Black

.
Dogs that have been entered in black classes at shows, held under Kennel Club Rules, where classes are provided for dogs 'other than black' shall not be qualified to compete in other than black classes in future.
Black dogs that have only white toes and white breasts, and white tip to tail, are to be exhibited in the classes provided for "black."

The club has not issued any numerical scale of points, but these I should allow as follows: —

Value	Value
Head and expression............. 15	Stern ............................ 10
Neck and chest...................... 10	Size............................... 10
Back and loins....................... 10	Symmetry & general appearance.................... 10
Legs and feet......................... 15
Coat and color....................... 20
70	30

Grand total 100

Weight of dog from 85lb to 100lb; of a bitch, 75lb. to 85lb.